‘Oranges at Christmas’
Posted by PaulM on 20 Dec 2009 at 10:25 am | Tagged as: History, Lowell, Lowell-2009
The following essay was broadcast in early December 2006 on UMass Lowell’s Sunrise radio program (WUML-FM, 91.5).–PM
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Oranges at Christmas
This week, my wife bought a bag of small navel oranges at Market Basket, the first of these babies for the season. When I opened the plastic bag the twelve baseball-sized oranges spilled over the counter and the scent of orange oil filled the kitchen. I look forward to the first seedless oranges from the groves along the Pacific and Gulf coasts. If I didn’t know better, I’d picture ripe oranges pulling down the fronds of palm trees in the sun.
I was lucky enough to live in Southern California one year during the growing season. One night driving south on the San Diego Freeway near the old mission of San Juan Capistrano, I passed a vast orange grove in blossom, the perfume of orange flowers ten times more powerful than the apple blossoms I’d grown up with in the Merrimack Valley. Some of the blooming orange trees still had fruit on their branches. The idea of walking into a back yard in Laguna Beach and picking an orange or a lemon off a tree seemed impossibly exotic to a New Englander. A pear or a peach, yes, but tropical fruit along the driveway? No way.
The special bounty of a giant navel orange from far away probably explains why my parents thought of it as enough of a gift to stuff a couple in Christmas stockings for my brothers and me when we were young. On Christmas morning you’d find one or two in the stocking among small toys and candy canes.
The oranges at Christmas come to us by way of Saint Nicholas, yes, the same as in “the stockings were hung by the chimney with care, in hopes that St. Nicholas soon would be there,” according to the St. Nicholas Center on the web. The original Nicholas was a fourth-century Christian in what is now southern Turkey who was known for helping the poor. One legend has nocturnal Nicholas throwing small bags of gold through open windows into the shoes of young women who needed dowries to get married. This is the source of the Christmas stocking tradition—those long red socks hung by the fireplace the night before Christmas in hope of being filled with gifts by morning. Nicholas’s bag of gold became a ball of gold as the story evolved in Europe—and the ball of gold turned into an orange stuffed into the toe of the stocking. There it is.
In the Canadian west there’s an age-old Christmas tradition beginning with the delivery of the first load of mandarin oranges from Japan to British Columbia. The Vancouver festival combines Santa Claus and Japanese dancers. Bright as light bulbs on the kitchen table, oranges promise sunshine as late December daylight shrinks in the shortest days of the year. With each successive winter week the navel oranges from California get bigger and better, until the harvest season passes. Then it’s back to the Valencias from Florida, the oranges with seeds, the juice fruit, not the eating oranges with the thick spongy skin that peels off like wrapping.
So, the oranges are old gold, and the fruit is a nod to Saint Nick. People sometimes do things because they’ve always done them—or they may do things for reasons of their own that have nothing to do with the reason other people do those same things. My parents never talked about Nicholas and his golden gifts seventeen hundred years ago. They never spoke about kids in Europe who left shoes and socks by the fireplace on Christmas Eve hundreds of years later. In the Great Depression of the 1930’s, when my parents were growing up in Lowell, an orange was a treat in a poor family. They were giving my brothers and me their own kind of gold when they put oranges in our Christmas stockings. I told my son he’d get one this year if we’re lucky.
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—Paul Marion (c) 2006


Yes, my father told me that for Christmas he got an orange and a Horatio Algers book. Another Christmas he got a Jew’s Harp (don’t know if there’s a less offensive name-Mouth Harp?) and an orange.
My wife just brought some home 3.99 for 4 pounds of navel oranges. Wonder how my kids would feel if I stick one in their stockings, and leave a book under the tree. Not good, I suspect, but probably like Scrooge’s nephew said of Christmas, they would, “be better for it.”
The year-round availability of every conceivable fruit and vegetable at every grocery store continues to astound me. Can anyone enlighten me as to when that first happened? Could you always buy grapes from Chile in February and apples from New Zealand in June at a price not very different than that paid for in-season domestic produce?
And Steve, please let us know if you decide to experiment with oranges & books as Christmas gifts this year; we’d like to know the reaction.
Wow. The website has conflated a bunch of legends. St. Nick is more interesting. The original “Miracle of the Three Daughters” (from the Legenda aurea) had a father, impoverished, set to sell his three daughters off into prostitution. Nicholas throws the bags of gold over a wall into the house in order to provide a dowry, so that the father will not sell the daughters off. Out of this comes the three balls which, in turn, becomes the symbol for pawnbrokers (who work with the destitute and desperate). St. Nicholas has also, at times, been the patron saint of prostitutes (along, with, of course, Mary Magdelene, Dan Brown notwithstanding).
The stuff about the shoes and oranges are Germanic and Dutch. The shoes/stockings come from Old Germanic traditions centered around the Dec. 6 (St. Nicholas’ Day) visit of Nicholas and his counterpart Knecht Rupert (a demon-like figure known in various locales by different names). They parade into town: Nicholas praises virtuous children, while Knecht Rupert beats those who have been bad. It was a tradition for children to leave their shoes outside their doors on the eve of St. Nicholas Day. The oranges come in with Dutch tradition: they were a prized winter treat arising from the Dutch trading with the Spanish. Thus, the juxtaposition of Nicholas/orange and Rupert/stone or coal. I’ve read Dutch and French poems that talk about Nicholas’ gifts of winter with “Apples of Orange” (i.e., oranges, since they came through the Dutch under the Prince of Orange), but I’m not sure about the explicit connection with the bags of gold other than the general idea of a gift.
The transposition of St. Nicholas into modern Santa Claus and the Dec. 6 traditions to Christmas is an American invention from the 19th century, specifically arising in New York (which had a Dutch tradition). Clement Clarke Moore’s “A Visit from St. Nicholas” (”Twas the night before Christmas…”) and Thomas Nast’s illustrations for the same give us the iconography that we all now know.
The best work on older Nicholas traditions is, alas, in German (Karl Meisen’s “Nikolauskult und Nikolausbrauch im Abendlande”), but Charles Jones’ “Saint Nicholas of Myra, Bari, and Manhattan” is very good for the transformation of the saint in various cultures. Karal Ann Marling’s “Merry Christmas! Celebrating America’s Greatest Holiday” is good for the ways in which modern Christmas was formed from the fusion of St. Nicholas day with Christmas.
Also, the 4th century St. Nicholas (who was conflated with a later 6th century St. Nicholas in the Saint’s Life attributed to Symeon Metaphrastes in the 10th century) almost surely is mythic. That is why his feast day was taken out of the Catholic Calendar of Feast Days following Vatican II and has been de-emphasized (the St. Nicholas Center, notwithstanding). So he is in Limbo in the Roman trandition. (Pun intended.) He still is fully canonical, though, in the Orthodox, Anglican, and Uniate churches and, of course, in American secularizing tradition as Santa Claus. Many Orthodox (except, of course, for the Greeks, from whom the Italians stole the remains) celebrate the translation of Nicholas’ bones to Bari on May 9 (thus a Winter Nicholas and a Spring Nicholas).
On Christmas morning one of the few things in my stocking was an orange and the buttered bread and cocoa left out for Santa was gone.
You bring back memories of when I graduated from college. During the winter months I was living in Indian River County in Florida. I picked oranges to make a little money.
A very very old traditon, still upheld by many families in Maine, finds not an ORANGE, but always a TANGERINE in the toe of Christmas stockings. Perhaps instead of St. Nicholas putting a bag of gold into the stocking, a golden fruit was a good replacement - and until the last 50 years these were quite unusual fruits and very special!
Originally, Tangerines harvested November - January came from North Africa.
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An English tradition, I adopted many years ago are “Christmas Crackers.” Placed on the plate at the very beginning of Christmas Dinner, this is not food, but a cardboard tube wrapped in shinny festive paper with twisted ends, looking like an oversized wrapped candy. Both ends of the cracker are pulled and it splits open with a small bang [similar to a cap gun]. Inside is a colorful paper crown which must be worn during dinner, a joke or riddle, and a small gift.
Martha-
The Kirwins and Sweeneys also got a tangerine in their Christmas stockings - so easy to peel. Fresh fruit was a real treat especially after the war. I remember also getting a quarter and a candy cane.One very special year I got a Cinderella watch. We will have Christmas Crackers this year brought by my nieces. After Christmas a few years ago, I was finding confetti around the house until July! So they were banned. I lifted the ban with the promise of an immediate clean-up this year. The girls will love having the Crackers!
While we’re talking about Christmas traditions, there’s a French one, I believe carried on in French Canada, if I recall more for New Year or the feast of the Epiphany than Christmas. A cake is baked with one bean, “la feve” in it-whoever gets the bean will have great luck in the coming year. Henri or Paul might straighten me out on the particulars, but there’s a verse of a song about it:
si la fève s’y présente
nous la planterons
dans un jardin sous un arbre
nous la metterons
nous prierons la sainte vierge
jésus les trois rois
qu’ils nous fassent à tous la grâce
que la puissions voir
Rough translation:
If the bean presents itself
We will plant it
In a garden under a tree
We will put it.
We’ll pray to the Holy Virgin,
Jesus and the three kings
That they’ll give us all the grace
(I don’t quite get the next line…)
That they’re able to see…?
Do any of you of French heritage remember such a tradition?
I hadn’t heard of this French tradition so I checked with an expert, my sister Monique. She’s a French teacher and Asst. Principal at Ste. Jeanne D’Arc School. Here’s her explanation of this bean-in-the-cake tradition:
“It’s sometimes called “Three Kings Day” in celebration of Epiphany or La Fete des Rois. I celebrate it in my classes by baking a cake and putting in a chocolate chip (the tradition was a bean, coin, etc. but I’m not getting into litigation issues if a kid chokes!). Whoever finds the chip is crowned king and queen for the day. I put in two and make sure there will be one girl winner and one boy winner. I usually use cupcakes because that makes it easier, but the tradition is a galette or cake.”
Just home from food shoping at Hannaford and Stadium MB. In honor of this post I bought six Florida tangerines! Looking at a beautiful pork roast and other delights for our very informal Christmas buffet.